The Total Area Ratio in a Precursor Result is the sum of that transition's peak areas divided by the transition peak areas of the internal standard precursor in the same peptide.
You might find that the "Ratio To Standard" column which is on the "Peptide Result" is a little more useful.
If a peptide has only one light precursor and one heavy precursor, then the Peptide Result's "Ratio To Standard" will be the same as the light precursor's "Total Area Ratio".
But, if the peptide has multiple light and heavy precursors (e.g. multiple charge states) then the Peptide Result's "Ratio To Standard" will be calculated based on the sum of the transition areas across those two charge states.
Another thing you might want to do is go into:
Settings > Peptide Settings > Quantification
and change the "Normalization Method" to "Ratio To Heavy".
Then, you can use the "Normalized Area" column (it's under "Peptide Result > Quantification > Normalized Area").
If you want to compare peptide abundances between your case and control groups, then you should take a look at the Grouped Studies tutorial:
https://skyline.ms/wiki/home/software/Skyline/page.view?name=tutorial_grouped