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Chris Hsu completed his B.S. in Biochemistry in 2018 at the UW. Currently, he is a Genome Sciences Ph.D. candidate at the UW in Dr. Michael MacCoss’s lab. His research focuses on developing new methods to compare quantitative analysis of instruments and applying these new methods to answer questions about spatial proteomics. He uses Skyline for external tool development and extracting ion count information from peptides for his analysis. |
The rapid advancement of mass spectrometry (MS) hardware has exposed a critical gap in performance evaluation. Traditional metrics, such as database search-derived peptide and protein identifications, remain rooted in qualitative assessments and don’t necessarily capture differences in instrument performance. New MS instruments continue to improve, generating data with improved sensitivity and speed, but analytical parameters, such as ion utilization efficiency, transmission, and quantitative precision, are rarely assessed. Even widely used methodologies like automatic gain control (AGC), which dynamically adjust ion populations to optimize detection, lack standardized frameworks to compare its effectiveness across platforms. This limits our ability to objectively evaluate hardware advancements.
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A fundamental challenge lies in the calibration of vendor-specific arbitrary intensity units into a universal metric. In an ideal world, we could inject a fixed amount of analyte to allow direct comparisons of the number of ions reaching the detector to compare between different MS instruments. To address this gap, we present a strategy that uses the relationship between the number of ions measured and the precision to derive a correction factor between the intensity reported by the vendor as a metric in ions/sec. We use this calibration factor to compare between different instrument platforms, and we show that Thermo Scientific linear ion traps report an intensity that is well calibrated to ions/sec, whereas orbitrap analyzers need to be divided by a 10-15x to obtain the same measurement.
We integrated this ion-counting framework into Skyline by leveraging the signal intensity and injection time to measure the ion count for each peptide. We implement the calibration protocol in an app that will ultimately become a Skyline external tool. Furthermore, we implemented new metrics into the Skyline document grid that can be used to evaluate both targeted and untargeted proteomics measurements.
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